Theories and Perspectives

Theories can best be understood as lenses through which those who study psychology see the discipline and the world.  It is important to note that the term theory is used in its scientific sense, and should not be confused with hypothesis.  (Take a look at the video to the right for a refresher).  That is, a theory is a way of explaining phenomena that has been rigorously tested and has consistent explanatory power when applied to data.  One's theory will guide an individual in answering basic questions about a set of data.  

This page is intended to help reinforce these enduring understandings:
  • Recognize how philosophical and physiological perspectives shaped the development of psychological thought.
  • Describe and compare different theoretical approaches in explaining behavior.
  • Recognize the strengths and limitations of applying theories to explain behavior.
  • Distinguish the different domains of psychology.

Early Perspectives on Psychology

Entry from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

modern perspectives 

Behavioral
Humanistic
Biopsychosocial
Biological
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
Eclectic
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Evolutionary